“Father of modern law enforcement”ĭiversity in policing started to make a mark during this era, but it would fall irrevocably far from meeting any type of quota. He knew in order to rehabilitate offenders, police officers needed to look behind the handcuffs and start looking into the person and reason behind the behavior. Assisted with the development of the School of Criminology at the University of California at BerkeleyĬhief August Vollmer saw policing and officers as social workers that needed to delve into the causes behind the acts in order to solve the issue, instead of just arrest it.
Recruits, for the first time, would attend a training academy (police did not receive any formal training prior to August Vollmer’s arrival).Detectives would utilize scientific methods in their investigations, through forensic laboratories.Candidates who were testing to be in policing had to undergo psychological and intelligence tests.He had many new beliefs about policing that would forever change the world of policing: August Vollmer was the Chief of Police in Berkeley, California (1905-1932). He is considered the pioneer for police professionalism. One police chief was largely at the forefront of this new era, Chief August Vollmer. Reform Era: Because the Political Era of policing ended up being laced with corruption and brutality, the panacea for the negativity became the Reform Era. Black policemen made their way into policing in the late 1800s, but when the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was ruled unconstitutional, Black officers all but disappeared from policing until the 1950s. In fact, Black policemen were rarely hired. Politicians, like the mayor, had no problem controlling everything a policeman did during his call of duty ( NOTE: the word policeman/men is utilized in this era/context, because during this time period, women were not allowed in the profession, and if they were accepted it was under a microscopic view of certain stereotypical matronly duties to be performed). Not unlike today, policing during this era was under the control of politicians. America answered the call by following the English and Sir Robert Peel’s principles. As its name suggests, it was an era of politics, mainly because of how policing was limited as a result of new laws, made clear by the Constitution. The United States saw tremendous growth in major cities, had the industrial revolution, and the abolished slavery, which is when the Political Era of policing was set into motion.
Policing had not yet formally entered the scene therefore, The Klan operated virtually unencumbered. The Klan began to make terrifying appearances and their reign of terror left many in fear.
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The fast-growing cities had to answer these problems with solutions in the form of policing. The abolishment of slavery and the new free black population created many unforeseen issues too with The Klu Klux Klan. Along with new job opportunities, came a myriad of conflict as well. With the advent of the industrial revolution, came goods and services.